Our research interests are focused in two areas of physical chemistry with potential application to pharmaceutical systems. In the first area, we are interested in the interfacial properties of lipids, proteins and polymers and their use as models of various biological and pharmaceutical interfacial phenomena. In particular, we currently are interested in studying the properties of protein-phospholipid monolayers and bilayers and their relationships to the properties of biological membranes and lung surfactant.

The second area of research is focused on understanding the molecular basis for the effects of water on the physical and chemical properties of solids. We are particularly interested in the uptake of water into the amorphous regions of a solid and its role as a plasticizer in affecting molecular mobility and, hence, physical and chemical change

Background: George (Edward Kremers Professor) received his BS degree (1956) from Columbia University and MS (1958) and PhD (1960) degrees in pharmaceutics from the University of Michigan. After serving on the faculties of Columbia University and the University of Michigan and a sabbatical year at the University of Utrecht, he joined the Wisconsin faculty in 1972. From 1975 to 1980 he served as Dean of the School of Pharmacy. His research interests are in interfacial phenomena, including the properties of lipid, protein and polymer monolayers, and the hydration of crystalline and amorphous solids. In 1989 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He received the Distinguished Pharmaceutical Scientist Award from the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists in 1995 and, in 1996, the Volwiler Research Achievement Award from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

Professional Interests: Physical chemistry with potential application to pharmaceutical systems

Education:

• BS 1956 Pharmaceutics - Columbia University
• MS 1958 Pharmaceutics - University of Michigan
• PhD 1960 Pharmaceutics - University of Michigan

• "Acid-Base Characteristics of Bromophenol Blue-Citrate Buffer Systems in the Amorphous State." (with J.Li, K.Chatterjee, A.Medek, and E.Shalaev) J. Pharm. Sci. 93 692-712 (2004).
• "The Effect of Low Concentrations of Molecularly Dispersed Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on Indomethacin Crystallization From the Amorphous State" ( K. J. Crowley) Accepted. Pharm. Res., 2003.
• "Effects of Water Vapor Absorption on the Physical and Chemical Stability of Amorphous Sodium Indomethacin" (with Ping Tong) AAPS PharmSciTech, 5 (2003) article 26 (http://www.aapspharmscitech.org)
• "Effect of Water on the Molecular Mobility of Sucrose and PVP in a Colyophilized Formulation by C13- NMR Relaxation Time (with A. Aso, S. Yoshioka, J. Zhang), Chem. Pharm. Bull., 50, 822-826 (2002).
• "Water Vapor Absorption into Amorphous Hydrophobic Drug/Poly( vinylpyrrolidone) Dispersions" (with Kieran Crowley), J. Pharm. Sci., 90, 2150-2165 (2002).
• "Effects of Citric Acid on the Chemical Stability of Lyophilized Quinapril HCl Mixture (with Jinjiang LI, Yushen Guo), Pharm. Res., 19, 20-26 (2002).
• "The Effect of Disorder on the Chemical Reactivity of a Model Organic Solid, Tetraglycine Methyl Ester: Change of the Reaction Mechanism" (with E.Y. Shalaev, M. Shalaeva, G. Zografi), J. Pharm. Sci., 91, 584-593 (2002).
• "Influence of Alkalai Metal Counterions on the Glass Transition Temperature of Amorphous Indomethacin Salts (with P. Tong, L.S. Taylor), Pharm. Res., 19, 649-654 (2002).